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INSERT .. ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE

Applies to ✅ Open Source Edition   ✅ Express Edition   ✅ Professional Edition   ✅ Enterprise Edition

The MySQL database supports a very convenient way to INSERT or UPDATE a record. This is a non-standard extension to the SQL syntax, which is supported by jOOQ and emulated in other RDBMS, where this is possible (e.g. if they support the SQL standard MERGE statement). Here is an example how to use the ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE clause: 

// Add a new author called "Koontz" with ID 3.
// If that ID is already present, update the author's name
create.insertInto(AUTHOR, AUTHOR.ID, AUTHOR.LAST_NAME)
      .values(3, "Koontz")
      .onDuplicateKeyUpdate()
      .set(AUTHOR.LAST_NAME, "Koontz")
      .execute();

Dialect support

This example using jOOQ:

insertInto(AUTHOR, AUTHOR.ID, AUTHOR.LAST_NAME).values(3, "X").onDuplicateKeyUpdate().set(AUTHOR.LAST_NAME, "X")

Translates to the following dialect specific expressions:

Aurora MySQL, MariaDB, MemSQL, MySQL

INSERT INTO AUTHOR (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
  3, 
  'X'
)
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
  AUTHOR.LAST_NAME = 'X'

Aurora Postgres, CockroachDB, DuckDB, Postgres, YugabyteDB

INSERT INTO AUTHOR (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
  3, 
  'X'
)
ON CONFLICT (ID)
DO UPDATE
SET
  LAST_NAME = 'X'

DB2

MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING (
  SELECT 3, 'X'
  FROM SYSIBM.DUAL
) t (ID, LAST_NAME)
ON AUTHOR.ID = t.ID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
  AUTHOR.LAST_NAME = 'X'
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
  t.ID, 
  t.LAST_NAME
)

Derby

MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING SYSIBM.SYSDUMMY1
ON AUTHOR.ID = 3
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
  AUTHOR.LAST_NAME = 'X'
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
  3, 
  'X'
)

Exasol

MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING (
  SELECT 3, 'X'
) t (ID, LAST_NAME)
ON AUTHOR.ID = t.ID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
  AUTHOR.LAST_NAME = 'X'
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
  t.ID, 
  t.LAST_NAME
)

Firebird

MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING (
  SELECT 3, 'X'
  FROM RDB$DATABASE
) t (ID, LAST_NAME)
ON AUTHOR.ID = t.ID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
  AUTHOR.LAST_NAME = 'X'
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
  t.ID, 
  t.LAST_NAME
)

H2

MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING (
  SELECT
    3 ID,
    'X' LAST_NAME
) t
ON AUTHOR.ID = t.ID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
  AUTHOR.LAST_NAME = 'X'
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
  t.ID, 
  t.LAST_NAME
)

Hana

MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING (
  (
    SELECT
      3 ID,
      'X' LAST_NAME
    FROM SYS.DUMMY
  )
) t
ON AUTHOR.ID = t.ID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
  AUTHOR.LAST_NAME = 'X'
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
  t.ID, 
  t.LAST_NAME
)

HSQLDB

MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING (
  SELECT 3, 'X'
  FROM (VALUES (1)) AS dual (dual)
) t (ID, LAST_NAME)
ON AUTHOR.ID = t.ID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
  AUTHOR.LAST_NAME = 'X'
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
  t.ID, 
  t.LAST_NAME
)

Oracle

MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING (
  (
    SELECT
      3 ID,
      'X' LAST_NAME
  )
) t
ON (AUTHOR.ID = t.ID)
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
  AUTHOR.LAST_NAME = 'X'
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
  t.ID, 
  t.LAST_NAME
)

Snowflake

MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING (
  SELECT 3, 'X'
) t (ID, LAST_NAME)
ON AUTHOR.ID = t.ID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
  LAST_NAME = 'X'
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
  t.ID, 
  t.LAST_NAME
)

SQLite

INSERT INTO AUTHOR (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
  3, 
  'X'
)
ON CONFLICT 
DO UPDATE
SET
  LAST_NAME = 'X'

SQLServer

MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING (
  SELECT 3, 'X'
) t (ID, LAST_NAME)
ON AUTHOR.ID = t.ID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
  AUTHOR.LAST_NAME = 'X'
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
  t.ID, 
  t.LAST_NAME
);

Sybase

MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING (
  SELECT 3, 'X'
  FROM SYS.DUMMY
) t (ID, LAST_NAME)
ON AUTHOR.ID = t.ID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
  AUTHOR.LAST_NAME = 'X'
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
  t.ID, 
  t.LAST_NAME
)

Teradata

MERGE INTO AUTHOR
USING (
  SELECT 3, 'X'
  FROM (
    SELECT 1 AS "dual"
  ) AS "dual"
) t (ID, LAST_NAME)
ON AUTHOR.ID = t.ID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
  LAST_NAME = 'X'
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ID, LAST_NAME)
VALUES (
  t.ID, 
  t.LAST_NAME
)

ASE, Access, BigQuery, ClickHouse, Informix, Redshift, SQLDataWarehouse, Trino, Vertica

/* UNSUPPORTED */
Generated with jOOQ 3.20. Translate your own SQL on our website

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