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EXCEPT
Applies to ✅ Open Source Edition ✅ Express Edition ✅ Professional Edition ✅ Enterprise Edition
EXCEPT (or MINUS in Oracle) is the operation that returns only those values that are returned exclusively in the first subselect. By default, this removes duplicate rows. Use EXCEPT ALL in order to retain them, and require duplicates to appear in both subqueries.
SELECT ID FROM BOOK EXCEPT ALL SELECT ID FROM AUTHOR
create.select(BOOK.ID).from(BOOK)
.exceptAll(
create.select(AUTHOR.ID).from(AUTHOR))
.fetch();
Dialect support
This example using jOOQ:
select(BOOK.ID).from(BOOK).except(select(AUTHOR.ID).from(AUTHOR)).orderBy(BOOK.ID)
Translates to the following dialect specific expressions:
ASE, Aurora Postgres, CockroachDB, DB2, Derby, DuckDB, Exasol, H2, HSQLDB, Hana, Informix, MariaDB, MySQL, Postgres, SQLDataWarehouse, SQLServer, SQLite, Snowflake, Sybase, Teradata, Trino, Vertica, YugabyteDB
SELECT BOOK.ID FROM BOOK EXCEPT SELECT AUTHOR.ID FROM AUTHOR ORDER BY ID
BigQuery
SELECT BOOK.ID FROM BOOK EXCEPT DISTINCT SELECT AUTHOR.ID FROM AUTHOR ORDER BY ID
ClickHouse
SELECT t.* FROM ( SELECT BOOK.ID FROM BOOK EXCEPT DISTINCT SELECT AUTHOR.ID FROM AUTHOR ) t ORDER BY ID
MemSQL
SELECT t.* FROM ( SELECT BOOK.ID FROM BOOK EXCEPT SELECT AUTHOR.ID FROM AUTHOR ) t ORDER BY ID
Oracle
SELECT BOOK.ID FROM BOOK MINUS SELECT AUTHOR.ID FROM AUTHOR ORDER BY ID
Access, Aurora MySQL, Firebird, Redshift
/* UNSUPPORTED */
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