The jOOQ User Manual Tools API validation using the Checker Framework or Error Prone

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API validation using the Checker Framework or Error Prone

Applies to ✅ Open Source Edition   ✅ Express Edition   ✅ Professional Edition   ✅ Enterprise Edition

Java 8 introduced JSR 308 (type annotations) and with it, the Checker Framework was born. The Checker Framework allows for implementing compiler plugins that run sophisticated checks on your Java AST to introduce rich annotation based type semantics, e.g.

// This still compiles
@Positive int value1 = 1;

// This no longer compiles:
@Positive int value2 = -1;

jOOQ has two annotations that are very interesting for the Checker Framework to type check, namely:

• org.jooq.Support: This annotation documents jOOQ DSL API with valuable information about which database supports a given SQL clause or function, etc. For instance, only Informix and Oracle currently support the CONNECT BY clause.
• org.jooq.PlainSQL: This annotation documents jOOQ DSL API which operates on plain SQL. Plain SQL being string-based SQL that is injected into a jOOQ expression tree, these API elements introduce a certain SQL injection risk (just like JDBC in general), if users are not careful.

Using the optional jooq-checker module (available only from Maven Central), users can now type-check their code to work only with a given set of dialects, or to forbid access to plain SQL.

Example:

A detailed blog post shows how this works in depth. By adding a simple dependency to your Maven build:

<dependency>
  <!-- Use org.jooq                for the Open Source Edition
           org.jooq.pro            for commercial editions with Java 17 support,
           org.jooq.pro-java-11    for commercial editions with Java 11 support,
           org.jooq.pro-java-8     for commercial editions with Java 8 support,
           org.jooq.trial          for the free trial edition with Java 17 support,
           org.jooq.trial-java-11  for the free trial edition with Java 11 support,
           org.jooq.trial-java-8   for the free trial edition with Java 8 support
  
   Note: Only the Open Source Edition is hosted on Maven Central.
         Install the others locally using the provided scripts, or access them from here: https://repo.jooq.org
         See the JDK version support matrix here: https://www.jooq.org/download/support-matrix-jdk -->

  <groupId>org.jooq</groupId>
  <artifactId>jooq-checker</artifactId>
  <version>3.19.15</version>
</dependency>

dependencies {
    // Use org.jooq                for the Open Source Edition
    //     org.jooq.pro            for commercial editions with Java 17 support,
    //     org.jooq.pro-java-11    for commercial editions with Java 11 support,
    //     org.jooq.pro-java-8     for commercial editions with Java 8 support,
    //     org.jooq.trial          for the free trial edition with Java 17 support,
    //     org.jooq.trial-java-11  for the free trial edition with Java 11 support,
    //     org.jooq.trial-java-8   for the free trial edition with Java 8 support
    //
    // Note: Only the Open Source Edition is hosted on Maven Central.
    //       Install the others locally using the provided scripts, or access them from here: https://repo.jooq.org
    //       See the JDK version support matrix here: https://www.jooq.org/download/support-matrix-jdk

    implementation("org.jooq:jooq-checker:3.19.15")
}

dependencies {
    // Use org.jooq                for the Open Source Edition
    //     org.jooq.pro            for commercial editions with Java 17 support,
    //     org.jooq.pro-java-11    for commercial editions with Java 11 support,
    //     org.jooq.pro-java-8     for commercial editions with Java 8 support,
    //     org.jooq.trial          for the free trial edition with Java 17 support,
    //     org.jooq.trial-java-11  for the free trial edition with Java 11 support,
    //     org.jooq.trial-java-8   for the free trial edition with Java 8 support
    //
    // Note: Only the Open Source Edition is hosted on Maven Central.
    //       Install the others locally using the provided scripts, or access them from here: https://repo.jooq.org
    //       See the JDK version support matrix here: https://www.jooq.org/download/support-matrix-jdk

    implementation "org.jooq:jooq-checker:3.19.15"
}

... you can now include one of the two checkers:

SQLDialectChecker

The SQLDialect checker reads all of the org.jooq.Allow and org.jooq.Require annotations in your source code and checks if the jOOQ API you're using is allowed and/or required in a given context, where that context can be any scope, including:

• A package
• A class
• A method

Configure this compiler plugin:

<plugin>
  <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
  <version>3.3</version>
  <configuration>
    <source>1.8</source>
    <target>1.8</target>
    <fork>true</fork>
    <annotationProcessors>
      <annotationProcessor>org.jooq.checker.SQLDialectChecker</annotationProcessor>
    </annotationProcessors>
    <compilerArgs>
      <arg>-Xbootclasspath/p:1.8</arg>

      <!-- Optionally, provide a default allowed dialect -->
      <arg>-J-Dorg.jooq.checker.dialects.allow=H2</arg>

      <!-- And/or a default required dialect -->
      <arg>-J-Dorg.jooq.checker.dialects.require=H2</arg>
    </compilerArgs>
  </configuration>
</plugin>

... annotate your packages, e.g.

// Scope: entire package (put in package-info.java)
@Allow(ORACLE)
package org.jooq.example.checker;

And now, you'll no longer be able to use any SQL Server specific functionality that is not available in Oracle, for instance. Perfect!

There are quite some delicate rules that play into this when you nest these annotations. Please refer to this blog post for details.

PlainSQLChecker

This checker is much simpler. Just add the following compiler plugin to deactivate plain SQL usage by default:

<plugin>
  <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
  <version>3.3</version>
  <configuration>
    <source>1.8</source>
    <target>1.8</target>
    <fork>true</fork>
    <annotationProcessors>
      <annotationProcessor>org.jooq.checker.PlainSQLChecker</annotationProcessor>
    </annotationProcessors>
    <compilerArgs>
      <arg>-Xbootclasspath/p:1.8</arg>
    </compilerArgs>
  </configuration>
</plugin>

From now on, you won't risk any SQL injection in your jOOQ code anymore, because your compiler will reject all such API usage. If, however, you need to place an exception on a given package / class / method, simply add the org.jooq.Allow.PlainSQL annotation, as such:

// Scope: Single method.
@Allow.PlainSQL
public List<Integer> iKnowWhatImDoing() {
    return DSL.using(configuration)
              .select(level())
              .connectBy("level < ?", bindValue)
              .fetch(0, int.class);
}

The Checker Framework does add some significant overhead in terms of compilation speed, and its IDE tooling is not yet at a level where such checks can be fed into IDEs for real user feedback, but the framework does work pretty well if you integrate it in your CI, nightly builds, etc.

The jOOQ User Manual Tools API validation using the Checker Framework or Error Prone

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